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Hello everyone thank you for joining
this webinar
my name is Patrick Seche I am the Senior
Director of
Addiction Services with the University
of Rochester Medical Center
and also
a part of
the UR Medicine Recovery Center of
Excellence which is bringing you this
webinar today
Our topic is SBIRT which is
Screening Brief Intervention
and Referral to Treatment
and we're going to focus on
how to
use SBIRT and how it can be
an effective approach to
addressing opioid use disorder in the
primary care setting
or really any medical setting
because this applies to
emergency rooms and other hospital
settings as well
So our objectives for today we will
have an overview of SBIRT and
doing the assessment the screening
that's associated with SBIRT
we will
discuss some of the considerations for
making referrals to treatment
and the importance of developing
partnerships between
primary care practices and
specialty substance use disorder
treatment centers
to make this an effective approach
Why is this important?
there are several
benefits to implementing SBIRT in a
medical setting
it can reduce unhealthy drinking and
drug use
patients who receive brief intervention
drink less and engage in less binge
drinking
it can reduce readmissions to trauma
centers
emergency rooms and
hospitals in general
it lowers overall health care costs
and
can improve public safety think
of things like injuries from
DWIs and impaired driving accidents
it can reduce
the injuries from
instances of those accidents
so really have an impact on creating
a safer community overall
So lots lots of public health and public
safety benefits to
implementing SBIRTs in medical settings
So what is SBIRT
there's really three components to it so
it's an acronym that stands for
Screening
Brief Intervention
and Referral to Treatment
and
SBIRT it's a comprehensive
integrated public health approach to
the delivery of interventions with
patients
that have a substance use disorder or
for those who may be at risk for
developing
a substance use disorder
and as I mentioned before
there are opportunities for
providing
early
intervention
and that starts with screening
screening is
that component of SBIRT where
we are identifying the patients who may
be at risk for substance use disorder
by doing the screening
it then presents an opportunity
to do some brief intervention and the
brief intervention focuses on
increasing a person's
insight and awareness regarding
their substance use
and the goal is to try to motivate the
patients towards behavioral change
it's really about
motivating
the patient in their own internal
motivation that's the goal of brief
intervention we do not aim to
tell the patient what to do or what they
have to do but is to motivate them to
want to make the change and to want to
address their substance use
and the third component is
that process of referral
to treatment
once patients are identified of being at
risk of substance use or already have a
developed substance use disorder
it's to recognize the subset of
patients who are in need of specialty
care and they need a referral to a
substance use disorder program
one of the great things about SBIRT is
that the structured screening and brief
intervention are billable
so medical practices primary care practices
that implements this approach are able
to be reimbursed for the services they
provide
and taking a closer look at
screening a very important factor
when doing SBIRT is that the screening
is universal
so it's establishing it in the practice
to where
every patient is getting a screen
so that there are no missed
opportunities for identifying patients
who
may be at risk
the goal is that we're not looking
for addiction or screening but we're
looking for unhealthy substance use
patterns
that is primarily what the screening
will identify who is at risk and maybe
might identify the level of risk to then
make a determination whether
some brief intervention and maybe some
brief treatment within the medical
setting would be adequate for
helping and guiding the
patients towards behavioral change or if
referral to to specialty
care is necessary
it has to be part of a comprehensive
process
screening alone is not SBIRT
all three components have to be a part
of the approach
and there is strong evidence
to support the effectiveness
of
implementing SBIRT as a
public health approach in medical
settings
so looking at the
validated
screening instruments that are available
and it certainly is
up to a practice
which screening tools you implement
based on your patient population it's
important to understand that these
screening tools are different there are
some differences in them for example
the AUDIT only screens for alcohol
use
and the DAST only screens for drug abuse
and if you look at the ASSIST where it's
screening for
drug use, smoking and alcohol so it's
important to understand the difference
in the screening tools and also
some of the screening tools are
validated to use with adults and some
screening tools are validated to use
with adolescents so if it is a practice
that is treating patients across the
lifespan then it would be important to
implement SBIRT in in using at least
one of the screening tools that are
validated for
screening adolescence and at least
one of the screening tools for adults
the last screening tool on
the list on the adult side is the CAGE-AID
and
we'll take a
quick look at the CAGE-AID it is one
that I
generally recommend because
the
AID was added to the CAGE it was
basically adapted to to add drugs to the
question so you are screening for
drinking and drug use at the same time
and I think that is very
efficient and effective
the questions focus the discussion
towards behavioral effects
of drinking and drug use rather than
focusing on
the number of drinks or amount of
use
the way the scoring works is the
responses questions if the response
is no it's it scores a zero if the
answer is yes
it scores a one
and a total score of two or greater
is is considered clinically significant
when administering the the CAGE
so basically the normal cutoff is two
answers
however it is recommended that even with
one positive answer on a CAGE-AID
that
it would be
be important to screen the
patient further or maybe even refer for
assessment there is no harm in ruling
out
a substance use disorder so
recommendation would be that if
implementing the CAGE-AID you even one
positive answer should lead to at least
further screening and maybe even some
brief intervention
so we jump to
the next component of SBIRT which is a
Brief
Intervention
and the principle that is used
the approach that is used for Brief
Intervention is motivational
interviewing because remember our goal
is to get the patient motivated to want
to follow up on the plan to want to
engage
in the discussion and in the process of
addressing substance use
as it's indicated in the
name it is brief
usually a brief intervention is about
five to ten minutes
if a practice is implementing brief
treatment meaning
those patients that are maybe
on the lower
risk end may receive some brief
treatment within the practice if the
practice has the resources and able
to do that and that's generally anywhere
between five to 12 sessions if you're
providing brief treatment to patients
the the goal is to change not only
the person's immediate behavior but also
thoughts about risky
behavior
and address
any long-standing problems with harmful
drinking or drug misuse
and get to the point of being
able to assess
is there a need for
long-term treatment or if brief
treatment is adequate enough then
continue to monitor the patient
so if we look at a workflow design
in a practice of course once
screening is done
it's giving you a threshold
and if we look at what if a
person is at no risk based on
the screening generally you
want to just reinforce
their behavior and to
continue that way
I like to group
low or at risk kind of the same
is providing some brief intervention and
continue
to monitor the patients and
as long as there are no further risks
there's no increase
in their use
it makes sense to continue to
monitor the patient and have a plan for
repeating screening whether it's annual
in some practices or bi-annually
whatever
is going to be the right fit for the
practice but there should be a plan to
repeat
screening at some intervals
it's also important when you're looking
at well how do we determine
low risk or no risk drinking for example
the National Institute on Alcohol
Abuse and Alcoholism
has those levels of
what's considered low risk drinking for
men what's considered low risk drinking for
women so it would be important for the clinicians
in the practice
anyone that's involved
in the implementation of SBIRT
to understand
what those
levels are
even within the limits of
low drinking people can have
problems if they drink too quickly or if
they have
other health issues other health
conditions that can be exacerbated by
drinking, of drug use so it's good to
know what those levels are but in some
instances further assessment
for substance use may be necessary
so as I mentioned before doing Brief
Intervention
sort of the guiding approach
for Brief Intervention is motivational
interviewing
and some of the components of that
as you can see on on this slide is
establishing a rapport with the patient
by using open-ended questions
asking their permission for
raising the subject for talking about
their alcohol use or drug use
this really establishes the discussion
as a partnership between the provider
or clinician
with the patient
and creates an opportunity to
then assess
the patient's readiness for
change
provide them feedback about
your concern
regarding their level of risk
and assess their reaction to
that because remember the goal is to
elicit their own internal motivation
for treatment
so that you can then develop a plan
together that's you know the last
component
once a patient is comfortable
you've established a partnership and
having the discussion then you're in a
position where
a plan can be developed again whether
that plan is there is some
level of intervention and treatment that
can happen within the medical setting or
assessment and treatment in specialty
care is necessary
some of the areas to
keep an eye on in that process of
screening and brief intervention
are some of the immediate risk
of drinking and substance use
for example
falls, pedestrian injuries,
intimate partner violence,
depressed mood,
unintended firearm injuries, alcohol
poisoning,
risky sexual behavior that
might lead to unintended pregnancy or
sexually transmitted diseases,
assaults, child abuse,
property crimes,
and some of the longer term risks
involve
conditions such as hypertension,
cardiovascular disease,
permanent liver damage, diabetes,
pancreatitis,
chronic depression so those are some of
the longer term conditions
to keep an eye on as you are doing
screening and brief intervention with
patients
which are discussions that are
important to have with the patient in
terms of raising their awareness
and guiding that process of
increasing their motivation
to follow through on a plan
so
the last component
of SBIRT is Referral to Treatment and
part of what to consider and I am a
big fan of mnemonics so I've
arranged this so that it's
knowledge availability and
relationships so it's KAR K A R
those are
just the aspects of
establishing
protocols for referral for treatment
knowledge of the staff in the
practice on the available resources
then what are the resources that
are available for treatment
to the practice
and
what's the practice relationship
with those treatment providers
because
some of the common barriers to effective
referral to treatment
include
things like capacity issues
programs may have a waiting
list
stigma is another factor so
inadequate transportation or child
care for patients
there may be some treatment modality
constraints or lack of evidence-based
practices
in the region or immediate area of
that practice
so knowing
what's available to you and establishing
that relationship are extremely
important to having
effective referral to treatment
protocols
so it's important to personalize the
process
in terms of and
when we say the process it's
that
actual process of working directly with
the patient and
a successful connection
to a substance use disorder program
so
calling that program with the patient
ensuring that the appointment is made
and assist the patient with any barriers
to accessing treatment and those
barriers can be transportation
it can be
child care it can be
coverage
for treatment depending on the
patient's health insurance so whatever
those barriers might be there sometimes
could be barriers that aren't even
directly related to going to treatment
but it could be something that might
prevent the patient
from actually
attending maybe there are housing issues
that
the patient is not
in
a secure housing
environment or supportive housing
environment
so it's important to assist access
resources that can assist the patient
with that in order for them to then
successfully follow through on
treatment
definitely avoid just handing a patient
a piece of paper with a phone number and
to call a provider
it's important to
document
when that appointment is
and
establishing some plan for reminders for
the patient about that appointment and
also obtaining releases of information
so that
the primary care practice or
whatever the medical setting is
has the ability to follow up
with that treatment program about the
referral
and to ensure that there is a connection
was made that the patient actually
attended
the appointment
so let's talk a little bit about
partnership development when it comes to
that a successful referral to treatment
protocol as part of
implementing SBIRT
and
between
a primary care practice and a
specialty substance use disorder program
some some of the key
questions to consider what
services are provided through
your referral network through the
programs that are available to you
and then what is your relationship with
those providers
are they new partners to your
practice or are they long-standing
partners
to your practice
are you able to track the referral
once that referral is made
do you have a process established to
where
that program would notify you if
a patient didn't show up for an
appointment
especially a new referral appointment
for assessment or intake
do you have a relationship set up with
that practice that they would inform you
if
the connection was not made
those are extremely important for
being successful in this process
so
I
know there's
several topics that are being covered
through
these series of webinars over the
coming months
the UR Medicine Recovery Center of
Excellence will be adding additional
topics
throughout this educational series that
are related to treating
individuals with
a substance use disorder in primary care
setting
if there are additional topics that you
think are important to add
that are not already included in the
series you can contact the Center's
Technical Assistance Center
and
make that suggestion and the appropriate
people
will be able to capture that information
and these are some resources that
certainly
feel free to
to access that has even
more details and more information
related to
to SBIRT, related to
how best to implement SBIRT and there
may be even some technical assistance
supports available through
the SAMHSA website as well
and here are the important contact
information for the UR Medicine
Recovery Center of Excellence how to
contact the
Technical Assistance Center
and also
all of the social media links for the
Center
alright well thank you for
attending this webinar and I
hope it is very helpful to you
Patrick Seche, MS
This 20-minute module provides an introduction to evidence-based screening tools utilizing Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT), as well as education on how to build successful partnerships between primary care providers and substance use disorder/mental health treatment providers.
Return to Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care
March 2022