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Hi thank you for joining us today
today we're going to be talking about
practical applications for integrating
substance use disorder treatment into
primary care my name is Dr Holly Russell
and I'm a family doctor that's part of
the team at the Recovery Center of
Excellence at the University of
Rochester Medical Center
The objectives for today are to review
the use of note templates when
integrating substance use disorder
treatment
to discuss the scheduling of patients
with substance use disorder
to learn about the benefits of embedding
a Behavioral Health Care Manager
and to learn how to manage return to use
in a primary care setting
I do not have any disclosures
So one of the first things if you're
thinking about integrating substance use
disorder treatment into your primary
care practice
is to develop a relationship with a
substance use disorder treatment program
if you don't already have a relationship
there are lots of ways to develop but
most of all do not hesitate to reach out
to them
any substance use disorder treatment
program would be glad to hear about your
interest and would be happy to partner
with you
we actually started out by just emailing
the medical directors of the local
substance use disorder programs and
letting them know what we were
interested in and setting up a series of
meetings to talk about how they might be
able to help us and how we might be able
to help them
we suggest you use common areas of
interest and build on those areas
and don't be afraid to pilot something
because you're starting a new program it
doesn't mean that you're signing
yourself up to do this new program for
the next 20 years you can start
something for
three months, six months and pilot it see
how it works and set a finite period of
time after which you're going to revisit
what's working and what's not working
and as always I can't under state the
importance of introducing your staff
into this process
so please have your staff meet the
referral partners that you're going to
work with and have their staff meet you
so that everyone knows who's involved
and feels more comfortable reaching out
if there are questions or concerns
the goals of this partnership is to be
bi-directional so this means that
patients who are graduating from a
substance use treatment program and are
stable can be referred to PCPs and this
benefits the treatment program because
it opens up space for them to treat more
acute patients
then
if stable patients become unstable they
can actually return to the treatment
center so again this is a bi-directional
relationship that is similar to that
which we use in many other areas of
medicine so you've probably heard me say
before in other modules
similar to patients who have heart
failure when they are stable we can
manage them in primary care when they
become unstable we ask our cardiologist
friends to help take over the management
so similar process for another chronic
disease of substance use
disorder you'll see here that we have a
behavioral health care manager as part
of our team in primary care and we're
going to talk about that more a little
later
and then you'll also see that there's
peers at the treatment programs as part
of the team
a peer is somebody with lived experience
in substance use disorder and they are
fast becoming an integral part of
substance use disorder treatment teams
the Behavioral Health Care Manager and
the peer are critical to help linking
these programs
as you are probably aware it's quite
difficult to
speak with a PCP or speak with a
psychiatrist or a chemical dependency
treatment
clinician however the peers might be
more available and similarly the
Behavioral Health Care Managers might be
more available to take phone calls or be
one of the first line in terms of this
bi-directional partnership
so if you're thinking about starting
this in your primary care practice you
might wonder how will I even let
patients know that this is a service I'm
providing or how will I know which
patients of mine might benefit from this
the way that we started was we asked our
technology people to run a report of
patients in our practice who are on
medications that treat opioid use
disorder
you may already know or you might have
learned from one of our previous modules
that there are three medications
approved for treating opioid use
disorder and only two of them are
allowed to be used in primary care
settings
the first medication and the most
commonly used one is buprenorphine this
can be prescribed on its own or commonly
prescribed in combination with naloxone
the most common brand name for this is
Suboxone which you might have heard
so we ran a list of all of our patients
who were on any form of buprenorphine
and we actually sent a letter to them
to let them know that we were doing this
in in our office and so we let them know
if they're interested in switching their
prescription to be managed through their
primary care office to contact us
we only had to do this for the first
maybe five or ten patients that we got
into our practice and then because there
is such a need for this treatment we
were able to really expand through word
of mouth and our existing patients who
had other PCPs that were practice
partners in our same office setting they
let us know hey would you like to take
over this patient's prescription so we
only really needed to do a little bit of
outreach and then it kind of happened
organically
one of the biggest things we hear about
is a worry about scheduling
the nice thing is that when patients are
stable you really don't need to see them
very often
when we first take over a prescription
so for example when a patient graduates
from a substance use treatment program
we usually see them
a little more frequently so we might see
them every one to two weeks for the
first couple visits while we get to know
them and we make sure it's a fit we have
them review our
expectations that I mentioned in a
previous module and just let them know
this is kind of how our practice runs
once a patient agrees that it's a good
fit and once we agree that the patient
is a good fit we very quickly if they're
already stable move them to every four
week visits
it is really critical to make sure that
your refills are written for 28 days not
a typical 30-day prescription and the
reason for this is so that refills land
on the day of their follow-up visit if
you do a 30-day refill and a month is 31
days or 28 days it can really kind of
make it a little bit hard to track when
patients are due and make sure those
line up with office visits
so once patients are really stable we
extend them to eight weeks and so we'll
write them a 28-day prescription with
one refill
buprenorphine is a medication that is a
lot you are allowed to write refills for
again making sure that we line those
office visits up with the refills makes
it so that we don't get a lot of phone
calls with questions about refills
for most visits we see patients simply
for opioid use disorder and if they're
stable it can be quite easy and fast
other visits if patients have acute
issues for example
upper respiratory infection or more
commonly many of our patients with
substance use disorder also have
comorbid mental health issues
so we'll commonly check in with them
about how their anxiety or depression is
how they're managing their
PTSD or other mental health issues
for the most part these visits are quite
fast and very satisfying not always of
course we have patients who are
sometimes not doing well and in those
times they take a little bit longer but
for the most part these patients who are
already stable on this medicine are
quite easy to see and it's really one of
the most satisfying things I do in my
primary care practice
also we have a template for our notes
and so they're almost always done if not
by the end of the visit by the end of
this session because there are just a
few things we fill in updating how the
patients are doing since we last saw
them
for billing it's important to know that
this billing information that we are
displaying here is what's new as of
January 2021
we recommend that anyone check with your
billing and coding department for the
most up-to-date billing codes for these
visits I am certainly not a billing and
coding expert but I can tell you what we
do in our practice
as I mentioned many visits are simply
for opioid use disorder and when
patients are doing well without
questions or concerns
I usually bill that as a 99213
if the patient has another stable
chronic disease that I check in with
them about for example their mental
health conditions as I mentioned earlier
and if those chronic stable
illnesses are on prescription drug
management for them then I do bill it as
a 99214 as you can see based on this
chart you need two out of three elements
for medical decision making to get you
to a moderate level
so again as I mentioned two or more
chronic stable conditions so their
opioid use disorder plus anything else
that you manage
and as long as both of those are on
prescription drug management
additionally you can get to a moderate
level of decision making through test
review
so for all of our patients who we
prescribe buprenorphine for we manage
them by checking a urine drug screen at
every visit
and we also check buprenorphine in their
urine at every visit these are two
unique tests so at each visit we review
the results of the previous two times
and we order two
of those tests each time so
buprenorphine and urine toxicology
so you can also get to moderate decision
making by reviewing the test results and
ordering additional tests
as I mentioned before we use a very
simple note template which is available
on our website for you to use and we can
get you a modifiable version we use
eRecord and so this is a template that
uses the shortcuts that
work with eRecord so this fills in
automatically their name age and sex
the three stars are things that we type
in each time and so we just check in
about a few things with each patient
I do want to note here with the recovery
support
we recommend to all of our patients that
they do some kind of psychosocial
support however we do not mandate this
because the evidence is so strong for
the medications and it is less strong
for the psychosocial support
but I do ask patients each time about
what they're doing for support and how
they're doing in terms of
the support that they need
we also do a brief review of systems the
most important things to check in about
our constipation is that is a very
common side effect from using
buprenorphine and as well as of course
their comorbid psychiatric conditions
so now we're going to switch gears and
talk about how to manage relapse or
return to use in a clinical setting
I do want to preface this by saying that
no two relapses are the same and so none
of these guidelines can be applied
exactly for each scenario
the best case is to have a team of
people that you can talk about difficult
cases with
if you don't have that we are always
happy to provide that for you so please
do not hesitate to reach out with
questions or concerns about challenging
cases
so what we're going to present to you
are some guidelines that we want you to
have as sort of a framework
but we will ask you to apply them in a
patient-centered way for the care that
you're providing
so we've divided relapses into initial
not opioid relapse or rare occasional
relapse over time
if it's an opioid relapse or if there
are multiple non-opioid relapses in a
short period of time
or lastly in case of failure to comply
with any of the previous recommendations
so for patients who have a non-opioid
relapse initially or the rare occasional
relapse over time of
other substances
the most common
thing that we do in our office is to see
the patients more often ideally weekly
and we order a urine toxicology screen
at every visit
I'd like to say a word here about urine
toxicology screens
these are a tool for your care of
patients but they are not to be a gotcha
or a judgment in your treatment
so we really try to talk about them as
the results as unexpected or expected
you know you'll hear patients say or
clinicians say that their urine screen
was dirty or clean and there's obviously
quite a lot of judgment implied with
dirty versus clean and so we really try
to use expected or unexpected results
it is actually quite helpful for
patients as well
there's accountability of knowing that
they're going to give us a urine drug
screen
that can help them maybe not make the
choice to not use but also when they're
doing well it's a point of pride that
they have expected results of their own
toxicology screen
so one of the first interventions when a
patient is struggling is to see them
more often
in our office we have enough space that
we are able to see them weekly if that's
not something that you can make happen
in your office then perhaps there are
ways to partner with others if you have
Advanced Practice Practitioners in
your office that you can partner with
but the goal is to see them more often
and provide additional support
in addition to the support you provide
in your office there's also psychosocial
wrap around support so attending
recovery meetings such as AA or NA
more often
connecting with a peer or a sponsor
and participating in individual therapy
so many of our patients as I mentioned
have comorbid
post-traumatic stress disorder
depression anxiety and
basically all of us benefit from
individual therapy and so if patients
are struggling for whatever reason
that's also a consideration is to invite
them to
seek out individual
counseling not necessarily related to
substance use disorder
lastly in this initial kind of setting
is problem solving in clinic around what
triggered relapse and how to avoid in
future
so one of the most interesting things to
me about the research surrounding
substance use disorder is that whole
disconnect between the evidence around
using the medication and then adding
psychosocial support so when they look
at the evidence there's really really
strong evidence around the medicine but
when you look at medicine plus
psychosocial support adding the support
doesn't really change outcomes that
significantly which
was always really confusing to me until
I read a commentary about this that
said that actually most of the times in
the settings where the patients are
getting the medicine there is probably
some therapy involved in that and so
when I think about what I do and what
you likely do in your primary care
clinic it's not just you see a patient
and you write a medicine right you're
talking with them you're problem solving
so a lot of what we do in primary care
is already therapy and so I think that's
partially why adding psychosocial
therapy doesn't make such a huge
difference because what we do in terms
of thinking about how patients are doing
what's going on in their environment
what's going on in their family system
that can really help patients understand
what might have triggered their relapse
and how they can avoid that in the
future
moving on to our next scenario so for a
patient that has a relapse on opioids or
multiple non-opioid relapses over a
short period of time we recommend all of
the things we discussed on the previous
slide
but in addition we would suggest
referral to a specific substance use
counselor so in New York we have
a credentialing called a Credentialed
Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counselor
you may have something different in the
state that you're practicing in but in
all states there are specific substance
use counselors so if a patient is
struggling with opioid relapse or
multiple non-opioid relapses but over a
short period of time we would suggest
that they see a counselor specifically
triggering in substance use
you might consider adding additional
urine toxicology screens in between
visits so this can be done either by
having patients come to the office or by
ordering labs so that the patient can
drop it off at a lab that might be more
convenient to them
and at this point you may also
suggest a referral to a higher level of
care
this goes back to the first part of our
presentation here where we talked about
making relationships with substance use
providers so we strongly recommend that
if you're going to do this in your in
your primary care office that you do
develop relationships or at the very
least have contact information for
providers at the local substance use
disorder treatment organizations
readily available so that you have names
direct numbers to expedite referrals the
last thing you want is to have a patient
that's struggling and it is in the midst
of active use to have to call
leave messages wait for callbacks or
stay on line on hold and do a phone tree
before they get to an actual person to
talk to
so that's why we recommend starting an
initial part with that relationship
building that can really help make that
bi-directional contact which is really
important for facilitating those
referrals to a higher level of care
and lastly in the case of a patient not
complying with the above recommendations
this can be where things
can get quite complicated so one
option is always to give a time frame
and we suggested two to four weeks
here but that's really based on the
availability of getting into a higher
level of care in your area where I
practice we have very good access so I
feel confident that any patient would be
able to get in within two to four weeks
to a higher level of care
if that is not the case in the place
where you're practicing I do strongly
recommend that you
expand that time frame to be fair for
what is reasonable to expect
so you can give a patient a time frame
for compliance and then state that after
that no further prescriptions will be
written
you do not have to
write a taper in this scenario I do
always want to mention that from a harm
reduction perspective it is always best
for patients to continue their
buprenorphine
meeting more frequently and doing all
the things we suggested earlier until
they engage in a higher level of care
but of course there might be patients
who aren't quite ready to make that
change to a higher level of care and you
as the pharmacotherapy provider might
not feel comfortable in which case that
is certainly a reasonable option to give
them the time
frame a next option is to see the
patients very very often so more
frequently than weekly so this would be
every day or every other day we would
suggest that this is done in
collaboration with either a nursing
partner or Advanced Practice
Practitioner if the clinician is not
available daily so we have done this
where we've partnered with our nurses
and had a patient have a nursing visit
more frequently than we could get them
in with a clinician if they're really
struggling and our nurses really like
that it actually kind of breaks up their
day from all the phone triage and
vaccines that they give because they
don't get to do a lot of face-to-face
clinical care and so that can be
actually be a really clinically
satisfying experience for an outpatient
nurse
the other option that can sometimes
help
motivate patients to comply with some of
the other recommendations is to decrease
the dose of buprenorphine so this is
sort of a middle ground between
absolutely stopping the prescription
but not quite just continuing as is
without the patients really making any
change themselves so you can always
consider that as a potential sort of
middle ground option
so the other important thing that I
mentioned earlier and I'd like to just
really hit home on here is this team
approach that
as I said before no relapse is the same
and patients have very complicated lives
and so a team approach can help us
provide the patient with the right
support at the right time and can be
critical for managing these relapses
so as you'll see here in the middle
we've got our patient and the patient is
surrounded by a team of support so we've
got our Primary Care Provider the
Behavioral Health Care Manager which
we're going to talk about briefly in a
moment the Peer Advocate that I
mentioned earlier and then the substance
use disorder treatment provider so all
of these clinicians and health care
workers have a role in helping the
patient manage the relapse and also
always important is how to think about
preventing it from happening again
I do want to say a little bit more about
the Behavioral Health Care Manager
so this is part of a collaborative care
approach and collaborative care is a
specific type of integrated care that
treats common mental health conditions
that require systematic follow-up
it's based on the principles of
effective chronic care chronic disease
care for other chronic diseases
and it uses
embedded into the primary care
practice a trained mental health
professional
so typically the professional is a
social worker
a psychiatric nurse a psychologist or
other licensed counselor that's trained
in psychotherapy
this is a team member who participates
in the diagnosis and treatment planning
they are essential to providing the
connection to services so example when
we were talking earlier about that
referral to a higher level of care
this
Behavioral Health Care Manager can
really help with those connections
they're also available to answer mental
health or substance use disorder
questions and provide follow-up care
they can help with that team approach
when patients need a little more
frequent visits they can support the PCP
with medication management
and they use evidence-based practices
for brief counseling
we will be disseminating more
information on Behavioral Health Care
Managers from the Recovery Center of
Excellence team but in the meantime if
you have any questions about this
particular model please feel free to
reach out again to our technical support
team
and that ends our presentation today as
you can see we have a few more modules
that we will be presenting for you in
the next few months
if you have any questions as always do
not hesitate to reach out
here's our references from today's
presentation
and here's our contact information for
our Technical Assistance Center you can
see we have an email a website we're on
Twitter and Linkedin and you can also
always give us a call we're happy to
help with any questions about anything
presented here or any additional
questions that you might have about
integrating this practice into your
primary care
Thank you again for joining us today
Holly Russell, MD
This module will review how to apply what you learned in Integrating Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Treatment in Primary Care. The session will review the use of note templates, scheduling patients with SUD, introduction to Behavioral Health Care Managers, and a brief review of managing return to use.
Return to Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care
February 2022